Structure of Scientific Revolutions

この著作では科学史の進歩を見直す立場から、科学において一定の期間にわたって研究者たちにモデルとなる問題、解法を提供する承認された科学的業績を意味するパラダイムの概念を用い分析する。後の科学史とは研究の蓄積による曲線的な進歩ではなく、パラダイム転換（パラダイムシフト）による段階的な過程として捉えなおすことができることをクーンは論じようとした。(wikipedia)

Scientists can have no recourse above or beyond what they see with their eyes and instruments, so if perceptual switches accompany paradigm changes, scientists may not attest to these changes directly.

Indirect and behavioral evidence must be looked for to discover what sorts of transformations in the scientist’s world occur.

The discovery of Uranus by William Herschel provides an example of a paradigm shift, as it was observed as a star for almost a century before being seen differently as a planet after it could no longer be fitted to the perceptual categories provided by the previous paradigm.

The discovery of numerous minor planets or asteroids after 1801 was aided by astronomers' preparedness for new planets after Herschel's discovery

The history of astronomy provides many examples of paradigm-induced changes in scientific perception